Philosophy of caring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy of caring - Essay Example According to Chapman, a healing hospital has a clearly defined charter of caring for all patients, loving and showing kindness, compassion and using all available skills to assist patients (2003). To this end, the main components of a healing hospital are faith, compassion, skilled staff and technology. All the components are important in making a positive impact on patient’s health. Compassion and Kindness are virtues that are deeply embedded in the Bible. The Bible requires people to show love and compassion to people in need. Thus, the nurses would be following spiritual beliefs by caring for patients. Skill and technology are also important components in a healing hospital (Chapman, 2003). Love and care cannot be efficient if there are no enablers. Skills and technology enable nurses cope with various situations facing the patients. Nursing need technology to accurately diagnose diseases and mitigate them. Technology can also be used in entertaining patients in order to reduce anxiety. Patients may listen to music that is spiritual to them or has some significance to them. Despite the importance of a healing hospital, creating the healing environment is complex and faces several challenges. The challenges pose barriers to the development of healing hospitals. One of the barriers is that it is difficult to find caretakers who are interested in the concept of a caring hospital. A caring hospital is more demanding and calls for sacrifice on the part of caretakers such as training (Puchalski & McSkimming, 2006). A healing hospital requires staff that have compassion, believe in a culture of care and are spiritual. It is preferred that the staff subscribe to Christian values. Thus, it may pose a challenge to find people who may abide by the rules of a healing environment. The major issues that need to be observed by the caretakers include physical,

Global Umbrella Branding and Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global Umbrella Branding and Marketing - Essay Example Centrica Plc. effectively disputes the above stated theoretical propositions on consumer resistance to umbrella brands as an outcome of corporate practices or the poor performance of other products sharing the same brand name. While it publicly engages in philanthropic activities, the corporation has a poor labour relations record, has consistently proven itself a socially irresponsible company, and has fuelled claims that it is, in essence, a monopolistic, exploitative entity. Yet, this has not resulted in the above theorised consumer resistance and, indeed, has not halted Centrica Plc's expansion or stemmed its ever-spiralling success. While it can be argued that this is partially because there are no substitutes to Centrica's products and services, it is the position of this study that the aforementioned evidences the fact that the marketing and brand management of umbrella brands have the potential to overcome the challenges posed by corporate practices. The study proposes to examine umbrella brand management within the context of a global company. In so doing, the dissertation will argue that effective marketing strategies have the potential to negate the forces which incite consumer resistance. ... The study proposes to examine umbrella brand management within the context of a global company. In so doing, the dissertation will argue that effective marketing strategies have the potential to negate the forces which incite consumer resistance. The aforementioned shall be argued and established through reference to Centrica Plc. As presented in the preceding paragraph, the importance of the topic stems from its theoretical and practical implications. While not arguing against the validity of consumer resistance theories, the research will dispute the proposition that it cannot be offset by marketing strategies. Indeed, brand management, such as which Centrica Plc has proven itself proficient at, can negate the forces which incite consumer resistance to umbrella brands. Insofar as it will focus upon the validation of the aforementioned, the study's theoretical value derives from the fact that it will highlight the potential of the marketing of umbrella brands to offset consumer resistance. Furthermore, to the extent that it will highlight how Centrica managed to do so, the study has practical value. 3 Company Background Centrica Plc was formed in 1997 in the wake of the demerger of British Gas. Over the past decade, the corporation has experienced significant growth levels, largely due to its expansion both beyond Britain and beyond the energy market. With operations in all of North America, Germany, Norway, Spain and Belgium, Centrica is a testament to effective and successful strategic global brand management. Controlling 76% of the UK's domestic energy market and sourcing and supplying energy across the world, Centrica also owns the Automobile Association (AA), Goldfish (a credit card company), and has interests in the residential phone market, to

The importance of ethics in business

The importance of ethics in business One of the most important issue in business is business ethics to introduce this issue it is not bad to know that what is ethics definition, ethic standards are principle of the actions and decision from individual, organization, government, ethics can helps every body in social, effects of ethics separated to four areas, first is social, social is the biggest area for ethic, every body is living in society so ethics will effect every one who has different culture, beliefs, religion in different location, ethics has profit for every one, the next area is legal or law, in this area first should consider to meaning of law so what is law? Law is set of rules that are enforceable by court, by understanding this definition it is obvious that every body is responsible for the rules that govern by law, next step is organization should has set of rules to support and protect the right of individuals and customers or suppliers and government, ethics for organization is very important point an d by setting these standards like codes of conduct or consumerism , organization will show their responsibility to others , last step in ethics is individuals, when we look at the definition of ethic and after researches around this subject, we will reach to this point that every body is responsible to their work and their work and actions or decision, in this step there are some reasons that can has effect on the ethics on this level, culture, beliefs, religions, these are only some the many point that will have effects on ethics from individuals, this is very important notice when we study about ethics, difference between the ethics and law, by understanding meaning of these two , it is obvious that in the law, standards might not be a ethic action or decision, in addition to reach to the better understanding of business ethics also should consider to some points about that, first is responsible business conduct, which is set of actions the employee against to enterprise stack hol ders, second is responsible business enterprise; which is set of policies and management practices to protect environment, core values and vision of organization, the third point is business ethics programs, the program that govern by managers of an organization to support their business conduct by engaging stakeholders and also can say that business ethic programs are structures from organizations to support employee and stakeholders, to illustrate the business ethic program should point to some way to set the program and structure which could support the business conduct, like planning, strategy and programming, building a responsible enterprise, and finally adopting a design review and approved process. To look at the issues of business ethics, it is very important to know some characteristics of business ethic which include by general business matters such as bribing ways of accounting, it is not bad to know a bit about the bribery, Bribery, a form of pecuniary corruption, is an act implying money or gift given that alters the behavior of the recipient. And practices in five areas, first in country, by many public and private research it was showed that Denmark is the first country in the world that receive money by others as bribery, and Norway is the first country in the world by giving money in bribery, in this ranking there are many countries like Sweden, Germany, Finland, and others. Another area in bribery is industry that included by some regions like government, defense, aviation, energy, and construction, next is employee that by educate the staff monitoring and auditing also making open channels with employees can reduce the bribery in this area, next is joint venture, al so by monitoring, auditing, setting the lead office and apply a strong contract can control bribery in joint venture, last area of bribery is agent, to reduce bribery risk in this area first of all organizations should ask themselves than is agent necessary for them or not, in addition in case of necessary they should make a valid and strong agreement and also include all polices for bribery and document all and also by making head office and monitoring and auditing should control bribery and reduce the risk. Marketing and Advertising: it is very important to all organizations that act as fair in their marketing practices and advertising, to practice ethical program in marketing there are some points that should consider to that like organization environment, individual environment, personal practices, professional environment and industrial environment, in addition for advertising I is very important that organization should not exaggerate about their products and say lie to people, there are two practices for controlling the advertising, first is trade practice and second is fair trade by AMP, in addition AMP introduce and gives information to people for better choice and pursued them to reach to that option, Social contract: Another characteristics from business ethics is social contract, the social contract responsibility is one of the most important subject in business ethics, it can divided to three parts, first is social responsibility which stakeholder responsibility included, second is profit responsibility of share holders, and last one is affirmative responsibility. ETHICAL COMPANY: According to the ethisphere2009 worlds most ethical companies, in this year this institute compare more than thousands of companies and industries from more than 100 countries and 35 industries and by ranking them in the companies selection process that some structure like methodology, In-depth analysis, further refinement, industry leadership and other method they gave the first place to Honeywell interactional from USA and in Aero Space and Defense, second place is for Harris corporation again from USA in Aero and Space and Defense, and third place is for Nike from USA in sport wearing and sport apparel and here are many famous companies in this ranking like DELL from USA and BMW from Germany, RaboBank form Netherlands, Xerox and Intel from USA are some other companies in this ranking, in industrial ranking the first place is for ACCENTURE and gave to Douglas G.Serivener, general counsel, secretary and compliance officer, the second place is for ED Scott, chief ethics and Complianc e officer from CATERPILAR and third place is for Roderick A. Palmore, executive vice president, general counsel, chief compliance and Risk management officer from General mills industry are ranked in this list, In addition Philips, Unilever and T-Mobile are in next places. Unethical companies and practices: What are the unethical companies and industries in the world, of course there is no evidence for that and in fact it is impossible to compare unethical companies to each another but form some judgment of courts can understand some of these companies, for example Nestle company and McDonalds are some of these unethical companies, Nestle: There are some unethical activities by nestle company in its history like exploiting of employees in 1989, in nestle chocolate planet in brazil, and supporting brutal which nestle had financial supports rise in Brazil, China, Egypt, Colombia and other countries. Another unethical behavior from nestle is abusing animals, 50%of LOreal company owned by nestle and LOreal abuse animal in testing and making experiment on animals, some groups boycott in response to LOreal claims. McDonalds: Another company that has many cases in many courts in all over the worlds is because of this its unethical actions and decisions and behaviors is McDonalds, some of these actions are like supplely environment. 35% of the UK population gave the worst rating to McDonalds for the way it traits, staff, suppliers, costumers and environment. Adidas company an example of ethical company: Adidas AG is one of the most famous and popular sport wear company in the world that started its job form 60 years ego, in the history of Adidas it came that the company founded in 1924 by Adolf Dassler, after foundation of Adidas in several decades many things happened to company, in 60s, Adidas tried to help all athletes, Adidas design some equipment consider as fringe Sport. This equipment could made revelation in high jumping, in 80s Abdi Dessler death and after him his family, his wife , son and his daughter continue his job and his business, in 90s they apply new management by new CEOs they change the manufacturing and sell company to marketing company, in 1995 Adidas went to public on Frankfurt and Paris stock exchange, and in 1996, Reebok combined with Adidas and could made more benefit of world wide platform, and these two made stronger and wide range of products. It is a German Based company, Adidas is a manufacture of sport apparel and also consist of Reebok, there are two companies which names are Taylor Made-Adidas Golf and Rockport that produce many Sport products like shoes, bags and shirts and watches, in addition Adidas is the second biggest sport wear manufacture after Nike in all over the world but it is the biggest manufacture in Europe, this is not bad to introduced some statically and financial information about the Adidas, Adidas founded by Adolf Dassler in 1924 but registered in 1949 and headquarters is Herzogrenuroch, in Germany and in CEOs there are some famous people and businessmen like Herber Hainner, Erich Staminger, Igor Loudau and for financial statistic, Adidas had revenue of 10,799 billion euro(15.6 billion $) and profit of 642 million euro (933 million $), and there are 38980 employees are working for Adidas, Adidas product sport wear such as golf, soccer, rugby, tennis, Cricket and basketball and much more also some of products are accessories socks, watches, eyewear, bags and caps. Jan Runau, Adidas AG What are ethics in Adidas Company? Adidas is one of the most ethical company that always looking for ethical jobs, actions, decision and behavior also always they care about the environment but also sometimes unethical matter happened in there jobs, and there are some unethical matters in their portfolio. Adidas is a global leader in suppliers factories and decreasing environmental impact. In sport industry, Adidas also set of codes which named supply chain code of conduct and in these codes they apply set of standards about their stated intentions on ethical purchasing. In addition they also set rules for moral responsibility in the way of products, marketing and manufacturing and for international labor they create another standards named workplace Standard that introduce clear rules of conduct in many factors like labor, environment, children, hours of work and much more. There are some statically information about these changes by Adidas, first is freight contributes 175 grams carbon dioxide CO2 and road freight 147 grams of CO2, and air freight by 903 grams of CO2. In the air travel they use carbon offsetting to about the collision of air travel, in addition Adidas set many teams meanwhile for research for sea and road traveling. Adidas shows that they are very serious and pioneer in many subjects related to ethical issue and they spend a lot of time and cost and energy to be a one of the ethical company in any subjects like labor, environment, customers, Children and others. Suitability code: For details about the suitability code, there are several subjects that cover by this code; Stakeholders, suppliers, customers, environment, community, employees. Stakeholders: About the stakeholders of Adidas are employees, authorities, business partners, workers and opinion formers involve stakeholders to make decision that shape day-to-day operation, and also provide the clear and effective and honest report to their stakeholders, there are several activities that Adidas tries to engages stakeholders: Responding to the SRI community Engaging with employees Responding to enquiries raised by customer, employee and NGO Participation and collaboration with industry initiatives governmental and non-governmental initiatives and multi-stakeholders partnership Out reach to academic and students. About the partnership and ways of engaged in Adidas, to build trust relationship they have some ways like WFGSI and WCSBD in corporate response. WFGSI stands for world federation of the sporting goods industry and WCSBD stands for world business council for sustainable development, in supply chain condition there are three conditions as fair labor association (FLA) and fair factories clearing houses (FFC), and last one is Round Table on Codes of conduct, and set of code in environment is AFIRM working group and better cotton initiative (BCI). The second subject in ethical matter is supply chain, according to Adidas information on 31 Dec 2008 Adidas works with more than 1050 factories, in many countries, some of these countries such as china, Vietnam, Indonesia, Turkey, and Thailand, and the condition to support the suppliers they set the workplace standards, its included several of standards of general principle involved forced labor children, discrimination, wage and benefit, working hours, freedom of association and collective Barging and Disciplinary principle, next is heath and safety to protect environment and environment requirement, for example about the child labor all supplier should not work with children under 15 years old and about the working hours they set the rule to their supplier that employee should not work more than 60 hours per week, to protect and support this standards and also to be confirm all codes they apply a team to monitoring and verification which this team will audit and monitor supplier an d will contact with any act against the standards, another way to protect codes is ratting and sourcing decision with them, by they rank and improve the supplier with has lower rank and praise. From higher supplier, for fair wage Adidas has strategy which named fair wage strategy which they set wage by mechanism depends on input, output, and effort of supplier, also benchmarks will pay higher wage that local wage, and also rewards for employee is another way that included in fair wage strategy. Stakeholders, Adidas-Group Environment: The third part of ethical issue is environment, Adidas always Responsible for their environment and always care about the natural environment, and to do this act and support the environment Adidas applied a system-based approach to managing environment, and this system covered two parts of production facility and supply chain, according to information about the environmental practice of Adidas company, more than 95% of Adidas groups using these performance. To protecting their environment and reduce environmental impact and reduce using of energy and waste the energy, and using lower material in their production. Environment-Adidas Group This is a report about the environmental of Adidas: Herzogenaurach, 2009. Record year for the adidas Group Environmental data for our main administration offices and own production sites 2008 Our main administration offices Energy consumption Electricity (kWh/year) Energy consumption Heating (kWh/year) Water consumption (m3/year) Waste (tonnes/year) HQ of the adidas Group, Herzogenaurach, Germany 12,683,749 9,627,567 21,487 426.4 adidas America Inc., Portland, USA 6,472,600 1,403,705 36,306 not reported Reebok HQ, Canton, USA 13,375,974 13,930,828 34,936 564.9 TaylorMade-adidas Golf HQ, Carlsbad, USA1 3,185,966 20,554 42,654 551 Our own production sites Energy consumption Electricity (kWh/year) Energy consumption Heating (kWh/year) Water consumption (m3/year) Waste (tonnes/year) adidas Footwear Factory, Scheinfeld, Germany 1,578,340 4,432,207 1,736 260.2 adidas Apparel Factory, Suzhou, China 425,542 0 1,162 10.2 adidas Canada Assembly Factory, Brantford, Canada 382,393 212,520 454 14.5 Reebok-CCM Hockey Factory, St. Hyacinthe, Canada 2,002,800 973,440 5,150 25.4 Reebok-CCM Hockey Factory, St. Jean, Canada 2,637,900 3,193,460 2,082 72.2 Reebok-CCM Hockey Factory, Edmunston, Canada 1,229,400 0 1,674 56.2 Reebok-CCM Hockey Factory, Tammela, Finland 1,343,059 1,140,445 1,190 237.9 Reebok-CCM Hockey Factory, Malung, Sweden2 n/a n/a n/a n/a Sports Licensed Division, Factory, Indianapolis, USA 10,844,350 120,158 19,822 455 Sports Licensed Division, Factory, Mattapoisett, USA 725,671 475,011 n/a 150.1 Sports Licensed Division, Factory, Cedar Rapids, USA 1,938,310 3,830,624 3,432 64 TaylorMade Assembly Factory, Togane-Shi, Japan 422,380 740 1,335 14.4 1 Figures cover TaylorMade HQ and assembly factory 2 Figures are not available for 2008 because site is externally leased Community: Adidas has program for community and this program based on 3 studies, first is community project for people who need it and second is employee involvement, in this involvement employee support the company to reach to their goals, and last one is corporation giving which is about the financial contribution, product and services, Adidas by this program will support children and young people in face of their needs, by giving them cloth and sportswear supporting their sport goods, Employee: When ethics goes to employee it will separated to three parts, 1. Activity engaged 2. Not engaged 3. Activity disengaged Adidas also set the reward rule for employee to support their employee and Adidas set the codes of conduct to support the employee and protect their rights, these set coming to global and will cover all employees of Adidas in all over the world, Adidas approach for employee it comes to 5 ways, talent management by ranking and praises of them, by identifying them and find the opportunities that those that those managers gain for company, employee and managers, performance management, by performance feedback and improving the learning. Motivation: Next is motivation that we covered before that company by giving gifts and rewards motivate their employee to keep going in addition promotes commitment is another way to motivating the employee, last action to help employee is communication with top managers set the meeting and other gathering to collect employees opinion to make decision, as an example in 2005 Adidas gather 350 staff to corporate responsibility and environmental affairs. Awards and Recognition, To clear of the Adidas practice there are many awards that Adidas collect from many festivals and many institutes and these are just some of them, in 2009Adidas got the 2009 industry leader and super sector leader in the DOW Jones sustainability Index and Sustainable retail business 2009 and also awarded consumer organization in 2009 and FTSE4 good index in addition Adidas awarded 100 most sustainable corporation in the world and fair labor association in 2008, Adidas awarded reporting twice in 2004 and 2006. Awards and Recognition-Adidas Group

Brigate Rosse, or Red Brigade :: essays research papers fc

Table of Contents I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 . II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  History & Ideology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strength and Area of Operation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 V.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 VI.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the 1970’s and 1980’s, great fear had been spread throughout Italy. A group known as the Brigate Rosse, or Red Brigade, had developed and left its mark on the Italian political scene. Fear was commonplace as bomb plots, kneecappings, and assassinations became the norm. As we go through this paper, the fascinating yet horrifying story, including the history, ideology, and current activity of the Red Brigade will be told. History & Ideology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The history of the Red Brigade can be traced back to the year 1969. It arose out of the student protest movements of the late 60’s. It was a Marxist-Leninist group whose aim was to separate Italy from the Western Alliance. It borrowed the name, methods, and moral justifications from the earlier Italian Resistance movement during World War II. It's ideology advocated violence in the service of class warfare and revolution, and with Italy in political turmoil at the time, the Red Brigades enjoyed a certain degree of support from the Left. When the group first formed, it mostly concentrated on the assassinations and kidnappings of Italian Government members and private-sector targets, such as judges, corporate executives, university professors, and policemen. The idea behind that was to instill fear in the normal working class. That fear would not have been seen had the targets been a head of a company or a prime minister. Very few would have been afraid of th at same fate. During the years of 1975 to 1981, Italy experienced the worst the group had to offer. These years are affectionately known as the Years of Lead. It is a clear reference to the bullets that killed close to five hundred people during this period. Activities While a civil war was slowly burning throughout Italy, the Red Brigade, causing an entire society to live in fear, dealt out nearly eight thousand terrorist attacks. In addition to the aforementioned private sector targets, the Red Brigade conducted kidnappings and murders on high political targets, as well. In 1978, the Red Brigades kidnapped the former prime minister of Italy, Aldo Moro. He was held captive for nearly two months, before his body was finally dumped in the heart of Rome. Unfortunately for the Red Brigade, this had an adverse affect on its supporters, and the party quickly lost the support it had enjoyed earlier that decade. This did not stop them, however, as in 1981, Red Brigades operatives managed to kidnap General James Dozier, an American who held a position with NATO in Italy.

Executive Coaching: Humanistic Perspective Essay

It is a matter of fact that executive coaching is of great importance in our swiftly changing business and everyday life. Actually, I agree with Mary’s point of view that humanistic perspective should be used in business environment. I think that future leaders and top managers should pay more attention to this perspective. Moreover, working people should be encouraged to realize that they are provided with choices which direct their life. And executive coachers help people to choose the best suited options for them. As for me, humanistic perspective of executive coaching is that it refers to psychoanalysis aimed at finding the most effective ways of performance because coaches don’t simply tell how to behave or what to do; instead they allow you to realize what you need to do. Executive coaching assists many people in sharpening their skills. Coaching helps people who know what they want, but don’t know how to achieve the desired outcome. This approach also helps when sudden or unexpected changes occur in work environment as coaching helps people to adapt to innovations and to cope with new challenges. Furthermore, executive coaching finds new ways of solving old problems. I think that Mary is right when saying that â€Å"the humanistic perspective of executive coaching is when people are seen as having a choice in how they respond to their environment† as humanistic approach suggest wide range of possible choices and directions of one problem. It is argued that awareness helps many people to see that they are provided with choices and I am sure that we have to cultivate this skill. Awareness gives the sense of responsibility and power over the choices to be made. Due to humanistic perspective people realize that choices are inevitable part of work environment and everyday life. The primary benefit of executive coaching is that it makes people think of their own experiences, not others. Summing up, I support Mary’s opinion and think that executive coaching provides really positive viewpoint of human nature.

Chinese culture Essay

1. Executive Summary Business today is becoming more universal and it is common to travel around the world for business dealings. In order to clinch a business deal with parties of other countries, it is essential to do some research about the country first. This will provide critical information about their business tradition, etiquette issues and other factors that will allow easier acceptance of Singaporean business persons. China being the largest populated country of 1. 3 billion, with an area of 9,600,000 square kilometers, has a long history, unique culture and a wide variety of distinctive customs and traditions. She has been attracting foreigners to invest as there are plentiful resources and labour market, which are crucial in business dealings. Besides the factors that are mentioned above, other factors play essential roles as well. Guanxi and Mianzi are the foremost factors that Chinese businessmen take into account. Other factors include preparation for Chinese business meetings, knowledge of the Chinese Lijie, such as non-verbal communication and social relationships. Also, the Chinese banquet consisting table etiquette together with drinking and toasting. There will also be gift-giving, such as what should be considered to give and what should be avoided. Last but not least, different ways to negotiate with the Chinese for the best solution should be taken into consideration. In conclusion, having the knowledge of the Chinese etiquette will better help one to succeed in clinching more business dealings. At the same time, it also helps one to understand the culture and customs of Chinese. Therefore, this will not only do one good for business purposes, but also encourages common understanding amongst countries. 2. Introduction The People’s Republic of China, has a largest population of 1. 3 billion and a GDP of US$2393 billion. Thus, it has been eyed by many business executives due to its big market share and a large pool of labour which provides many business opportunities. In order to carry out business transactions efficiently with the Chinese, it is important for us to know what the prohibitions, customs and taboos are in China. By understanding these, we will be more prepared to conduct business with the Chinese. 2. 1 Meeting the Chinese. To begin with, the Chinese are very particular about first impressions. They prefer to be introduced formally to people as they are reluctant to strike up conversations with people they are unfamiliar with. A proper handshake will be most appropriate upon introduction. If one is being introduced to a group, remember to shake everyone’s hands. Also, stand up throughout, when being introduced or when presenting self. Begin introductions with his/her name, followed by the company’s name and specify the country that he/she is from. 2. 2 Business Cards. It is polite to use two hands to hold both corners when presenting business card and to position it so that it is legible to the recipient. Try to have one side of the card being translated and print the Chinese letters using gold ink as this is an auspicious colour. It will be respectful to spend a few seconds reading the card upon receiving it and helps in remembering one’s name. It is demeaning to put it directly into your pocket without glancing. If it is a sit-down meeting, place the card on the table so that one can look at it. 2. 3Conversations. Most Chinese like to engage in conversations concerning topics which they have knowledge on, such as weather, geography, Chinese cuisine, Chinese scenery and landmarks. Topics related to politics should be avoided. Dismiss personal questions with a little humour if uncomfortable. The Chinese would often compliment the country of origin. However, accepting praise outright is not considered as good etiquette for them. Instead, one is expected to deflect compliments and pretend it is unworthy of receiving them. 2. 4 Greetings Surnames come first when addressing a Chinese. In business situations, one will seldom concern themselves with a Chinese person’s given name. It is advisable to get straight how one should address someone at the first meeting. For business purposes, it is traditionally acceptable to call a Chinese by the surname, together with a title such as Managing Director Toh. 2. 5On the telephone Although Chinese may make arrangements through the phone, most Chinese prefers face-to-face meetings. On the telephone, the standard greeting is the word â€Å"wei†, which means â€Å"hello† or â€Å"are you still there† in Mandarin. Chinese often do not furnish any identifying information upon answering the phone; hence it is good to verify that one has reached the organization he/she intended to dial. 3. GuanXi – Relationships Personal relationships play a vital part in the business world of Chinese. Chinese businessmen do not rush into discussions and negotiations, as they want to get familiar with their business partners before doing business. This is known as Guanxi, which means â€Å"relationships†. It is the network of relationships among various parties that cooperate together and support one another. Before doing business, Chinese will extend hospitality to demonstrate their respect for others and appreciation of the finer things in life so as to soften their visitors. There will be small talk during the first full day, where Chinese learns about his visitor and goals. The evening during the welcome banquet, they would learn more as foreign visitors will open up during casual talks. Also, the visitors may visit the residence of their acquaintances from other organizations and bring some gifts as it is important for building and creating Guanxi. Gifts like foreign cigarettes and quality wines are acceptable, which will be discussed more at the later part of the report. Trust is built during such situations and Chinese would then be more comfortable to work with them. Relationships are not only between companies but also personal levels. Establishing a sincere, supportive relationship based on mutual respect is a fundamental aspect of Chinese culture. In the world of business, possessing the right Guanxi is crucial for ensuring the minimization of difficulties and frustrations that are often encountered and it is also important to any successful business strategy in China. 4. Mian Zi – Face Face, also known as Mianzi, is a mark of personal pride and forms the basis of an individual’s reputation and social status. Having face means having a high status in the eyes of one’s peers, and is a mark of personal dignity. It is a prized commodity, which can be given, lost, taken away or earned. Face to a Chinese, holds more importance and encompasses a greater part of life. In order to establish all important interpersonal relationships, face must always be created and maintained at all times. Losing face may be caused by, for example, public insult, chastisement or contradicting someone in front of another, and also, by ourselves, such as losing temper or losing your own control in public. Furthermore, rescinding an order can also be constructed as losing face. This is why Chinese leaders would rather follow the policies even if there are events that prove them that it is irrelevant. Causing someone to lose face through public humiliation or inappropriate allocation of respect to individuals within the organization can seriously damage business discussions. On the other hand, praising someone in moderation before their colleagues is a form of ‘giving face’ and can earn respect, loyalty and aid negotiations. Nevertheless, face is so important that it is justification for spending money even if the Chinese is not very rich. Money that may be set aside for emergency use may be used for buying gifts or accessories instead because of face. 5. Lijie- Art of Politeness Being polite is a type of basic courtesy one should possess. In China, personal feelings and hint of criticism should not be dealt with publicly as it might cause public embarrassment and unpleasantness. A glass of tea that is automatically set out in front of arriving guests is how the Chinese allows the guest to feel comfortable and appear gracious. 5. 1 Surface harmony Surface harmony is an essential skill because the world of Chinese etiquette is very insensitive to unpleasant genuine feelings as it concerns matter of â€Å"face†. To the Chinese, things are done more for show than for substance; for example, manners are tools which they use to maintain pleasantness at all times, even when it is not entirely felt. Surface harmony is disturbed when one expresses his/her disagreement. Therefore, it is advised to remain quiet and â€Å"give face† as it might result in sabotage, subversion or revenge as the Chinese are well capable of such actions. 5. 2Intermediaries Intermediaries can be useful in communicating something unpleasant to the Chinese, and they help to ask questions, as preservation of face and surface harmony is considered highly important to Chinese. Intermediaries are highly useful in negotiations as they provide back channels for information that might prove too sensitive or risky. However, anger may be expressed directly for strategic purposes. 5. 3 Social relationships Chinese manage their social relationships by an imaginary circle that surrounds them. Relatives, friends, neighbours, classmates and co-workers are within the circle. These people have relationships with one another and hence, bear some sort of obligation. Chinese tend to go all out for them, be it putting themselves at great inconvenience or even ethically questionable circumstances. The rest of the world, whom a Chinese treats like a stranger, remains outside of the circle to whom with no particular obligation. 5. 4 Non-verbal communication. Chinese have various non-verbal communications. Firstly, Chinese tends to have a shorter social distance compared to many western cultures, for example, a Chinese friend might stand a little close to you for comfort or breathing directly into your face when talking to you. Furthermore, if one steps backwards, his/her Chinese counterpart may advance accordingly. When dealing with a Chinese, particularly the older ones, one should not touch a member of the opposite sex you do not know extremely well as other types of physical contact can be misinterpreted. However, it is said to be perfectly acceptable for Chinese to be physical with members of the same sex. Traditionally, Chinese are seldom demonstrative with the opposite sex in public. Therefore, foreigners should keep in mind that they are well advised to avoid more passionate forms of contact besides holding hands with a companion. During a conversation, one should not slink down in chairs as they are deemed disrespectful. Furthermore, some Chinese will avoid meeting one’s eyes or smile. This is a sign of shyness or keeping feelings to themselves. Thus should not be confused with insincerity, unfriendliness or anger. Silence is a virtue for it represents reflection or a sign of politeness. Gestures such as â€Å"come here† by curling index finger upward, â€Å"okay† sign with thumb and forefinger forming a circle, and shrugging of shoulders showing â€Å"I don’t know† may not be understood by the Chinese. Nodding or shaking of head, thumbs-up and clapping of hands for applauding are universally accepted gestures. 5. 5 Ways to reject a Chinese Rejecting people or saying ‘no’ can result in losing face, therefore the Chinese devised a number of methods of refusing without saying ‘no’. Ways to reject are, saying to grant the wish would be â€Å"inconvenient† as it means there are political problems associated with fulfilling a request, or it is â€Å"under consideration† or â€Å"being discussed†. This generally means that something is unlikely to happen. Another way is to blame someone else for the roadblock by finding a scapegoat. Lastly, a Chinese may tell a lie such as inventing a story to get out of the uncomfortable position in which a person feels placed. 11. References and Acknowledgements 1. De Mente Boye. (2004). Chinese etiquette & ethics in business. Boston: McGraw-Hill. 2. Scott D. Seligman. (1999). Chinese Business Etiquette: a guide to protocol, manners, and culture in the People’s Republic of China. United States of America: A Time Warner Company 3. About. com: China Online (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 13, 2007. http://chineseculture. about. com/od/businessculture/Chinese_Business_Culture. htm 4. Communicaid global communication: doing business in China. (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 13, 2007. http://www. communicaid. com/chinese-business-culture. asp 5. Chinese Culture. (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 13, 2007. http://www. chinese-culture. net/html/chinese_business_culture. html 6. Kwintessential- Language and culture specialists (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 13, 2007. http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/cultural-services/articles/china-business-culture. html 7. China’s GDP grows 10. 7% in 2006. (January 25, 2007). ChinaDaily. com. cn. Retrieved on June 25, 2007. from http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/china/2007-01/25/content_792311_2. htm 8. Economy – Economic Structure & Trends. (2006). Retrieved on June 20, 2007. http://china-europe-usa. com/level_4_data/eco/042_3. htm 9. China – Business etiquette, manners and cross cultural communication. (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 15, 2007. http://www. cyborlink. com/besite/china. htm 10. China – Business & Travel Etiquette. (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 15, 2007. http://www. crazycolour. com/os/china_02. shtml 11. Business Card Etiquette by Neil Payne. (n. d. ). Retrieved on June 15, 2007. http://www. sideroad. com/Business_Etiquette/business-card-etiquette. html.

Revolution for Change essays

Revolution for Change essays Alexis de Tocqueville and Karl Marx both believed that revolutions were inevitable. However, the two did not agree on all aspects of revolution. De Tocqueville found that revolutions couldnt be deterred, but also found that no laws in history determined revolutions. On the other hand, Marx used a logical framework to claim that revolutions were acts of history. The focus of de Tocquevilles study on revolutions was the French Revolution. In his book entitled The Old Regime and the French Revolution, de Tocqueville addressed the causes of the revolution and gave clues pertaining to the link between revolutions and the formation of modern states. The problems with the old regime began with the weakness of the king, Louis XVI. Until the revolution France was an Absolute Monarchy; this meant that the monarch had large powers over society. Some of these powers included the national system of justice, the right to tax, the right to put up arms (as leader of the military forces), and heavy influence upon the Catholic Church. All these powers were in need of a strong king to survive, unfortunately that was not the case. According to de Tocqueville, had there been a wiser king the revolution may not have occurred. Another reason attributed to the revolution was the division of classes. The population of France had been divided into three estates, wi th two being privileged. They consisted of the bourgeoisie, the nobility, and the clergy. The upper two estates, the nobility and the clergy, had many privileges over the bourgeoisie: they were exempt from taxes, although, they were the richest. In addition, they were the only members in society who could hold positions of importance; this caused discontent within the bourgeoisie. The way of taxing society was also a cause for revolution. Before the revolution there was a great need for taxation reform in France. Only the lower classes were being taxed, i.e. the bourgeoisie. This was pro...

How to address members of the Government in a letter

How to address members of the Government in a letter Writing to the Government Will you have something you just have to say to the next government of this country? It seems fitting somehow (not sure why) to follow-up our last blog with a quick clarification on how to write to MPs. After all, the wait is nearly over. The campaigning is all but finished. We know the results are a tough one to call, and that whoever rises victorious from the hustings will have some tough calls to make. So if youre interested in sharing opinions, suggestions, recommendations, congratulations, or even a selection of budget recipes with whichever party (or parties) makes it past the post, heres how to do it. Its considerably more straightforward than politics. Prime Minister For the new/re-elected PM, begin your epistle, Dear Mr [insert surname here], or even more simply: Dear Prime Minister. Finish Yours sincerely. The Cabinet For the rest of the Cabinet, its just Dear [appointment]. For example, Dear Minister, Dear Home Secretary, Dear Lord Chancellor, Dear Under-Secretary and so forth. If the appointment in question is particularly long-winded, its better to use their name. Yours sincerely is the sign-off. Envelopes Members of the Cabinet are known as Right Honourable. The formula for addressing them on the envelope is: The Rt Hon [title] [name] [honours], MP, [appointment/position] Bear in mind they may not have a title (eg Sir), or any honours (for example, KBE, CBE etc). So the next PMs envelope would read (in your best handwriting): The Rt Hon [Gordon Brown/David Cameron/Nick Clegg/Shock outsider], MP, Prime Minister. Democracy Now, after youve written your X, youll be well-equipped to write anything else you feel you must. Before then, of course, theres just the small matter of counting the votes. And you can also always have your say on what appears here. Just leave a comment below, or contact us directly. Write Now aims to address any questions you may have about business writing: blogging with the people, for the people. Image credit:derwiki / Pixabay

Causes and Effects of Heart Failure

Causes and Effects of Heart Failure Elizabeth Makouta K. Assessment 2 Definition of Heart Failure: This is usually a progressive condition that reflects weakening of the heart by coronary atherosclerosis meaning the coronary vessels is build up with fatty clogging (Marieb 2012 p369) The body systems affected are: Kidney, Heart, Lungs, and Digestive System . Kidney’s function : is to eliminate nitrogen –containing e wastes, toxins, and drug from the body. Kidney also produce an enzyme ‘’renin’’ which help regulate blood pressure, and their hormone erythropoietin which stimulate red blood cell production in bone marrow (Marieb 2012 p. 512) Heart’s function: Is a muscular organ that pumps blood to all the tissues in the body through blood vessels, ‘weight less than a pound with the size of a person’s fist and a shape like cone-shaped’ (p 357).’’The right side pumps blood through the lungs where oxygen is picks up and carbon diox ide is unloaded. The left side of the heart receives blood containing oxygen and pump it to the rest of the body’’ (Marieb 2012 p 360). Lungs Function: Human body contain two lungs. ‘Lungs are large organs that occupy thoracic cavity except the heart in the central area. The left lung has two robes and the right lung has three robes’ (Marieb 2012 p.441). The lungs bring in oxygen to the body which is the air that we breathed for energy and remove carbon dioxide from the body which is the gas that comes out as waste products (American Thoracic Society 2014). . Digestive System: Digestive system starts from the mouth and ends up in the anus. The function of digestive system is to break down foods in to a simplest form for the absorption of the body as nourishment for cells and energy for the body usage (Marieb 2012 p.464). Signs and Symptoms Shortness of breath (dyspnoea) Fatigue and weakness Swelling (oedema) in your legs, ankles and feet Rapid or irregular heartbeat Reduced ability to exercise Persistent cough or wheezing (Nocturia) increased need to urinate at night Heart Pumps Faster Swelling of your abdomen (ascites) Sudden weight gain Lack of appetite and nausea Difficulty concentrating or decreased alertness Heart Grows Larger Elevated blood pressure Chest pain, if your heart failure is caused by a heart attack (Mayo Clinic 2014) Shortness of Breath : meaning there is not enough air getting into the body system why because of lack of oxygen as the heart is not able to pump enough blood (Mayo Clinic 2014 Fatigue and weakness : As the heart failed or become weak other parts of the body are affected including legs and arms making difficult do walk or climb the stairs because there is not sufficient blood getting to the legs and arms (University of California San Francisco 2014) Swelling: For kidney to function very well it needs its normal blood supply. Renin restores normal blood pressure and inc rease filtration of water and salt for filtration process to be normal (Marieb 2012 p. 512). But when blood flow to the kidney is limited then renin will also retain salt and water which will leads to fluid build-up in the body (feet, ankles and legs), ( University of California San Francisco 2014)

Why swimming is the best form of exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why swimming is the best form of exercise - Essay Example It increases the body’s metabolism which ultimately results in the burning of fats. Exercise has always been very important part of the human body. It not only keeps one in better shape but also reduces the risks of heart diseases, strokes, various cancers and high blood pressure. In the modern era the need to exercise has increased significantly. People today feel the need to stay and look fit more than ever before. Over the past few years various exercising machines and fitness units have been introduced some of which comprises of state-of-the-art technology e.g. calculating pulse rate, calories burnt and speed range etc. But swimming has always been a conventional way to stay fit and healthy, with the main reasons being that it is a simple and non technology oriented form of exercise delivering some very effective results. Swimming is an aquatic sport. It is the art of self- movement in water with the help of upper and lower limbs. Swimming is the best form of exercise as i t is easy on the body, it works all muscles, can be used by people who are limited in the exercise they can undertake, is varied Unlike many exercises which prove to be very monotonous and harsh, swimming refreshes both the mind and body. It eases the body without giving jarring effects. Water has some very effective and soothing effects. Athletes use water to rehabilitate after an injury.

Could the Tide be Changing (Travel Agency Management) Essay

Could the Tide be Changing (Travel Agency Management) - Essay Example and Horner, S. 2006). However the recent proliferation of the e-commerce business model has challenged traditional adage that â€Å"location, location, location† is critical to commercial success (Chaffey, D. 2006); effectively undermining the traditional travel agency distribution model, forcing travel agencies to re-develop and reformulate competitive strategies to sustain growth (Zhou, Z. 2003). This is further evidenced by the recent merger of package holiday specialists MyTravel and Thomas Cook in 2007 (Taylor, I. 2007). It was reported that the merger was driven by business necessity in order to ensure survival in the competitive nature of the market facilitated by the e-commerce business model (Taylor, I. 2007). Moreover, it was propounded that â€Å"the merger is predicted to save  £75million a year by 2009/10 through cuts in duplicated services and assets including staff, shops, aircraft, offices and IT systems, particularly in the UK† (Taylor, I 2007). Whilst some analysts reacted to the merger as a further nail in the coffin of the high street travel agent, the alternative question posed is whether this in fact matters in the digital arena (Taylor, I. 2007). Moreover, it is arguable that the proliferation of the Internet and online growth could in fact have signalled a new tide against the recent trend of losses and closures within the industry. The focus of this analysis is to evaluate recent business analyst forecasts signalling the decline of the high street travel agency within the emerging online market as evidenced by the rapid growth of â€Å"virtual† travel agencies such as Expedia and lastminute.com (Evans, N., Campbell, D. & Stonehouse, G. 2003) Whilst, the Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) figures indicate a significant reduction in high street travel agencies (www.abta.com), this analysis will evaluate whether such

Diverse Theatre Movement - Asian-American Theatre Research Paper

Diverse Theatre Movement - Asian-American Theatre - Research Paper Example These theater companies provided opportunities to different actors, writers and directors to pursue different genres of the Asian theater in America and they defined the Asian American theater for almost four decades, till now. By 1990s the number of Asian American theater companies grew up, with producers and directors experimenting with different artistic creations. Asian Americans have established their mark on the general American theater arena and are now appearing in roadway and regional theaters and also winning awards nationally and internationally. In the beginning most of the participants of the Asian American Theater were prominently from the East Asian descent, but in the 90’s and 2000’s many artists originating from South Asia and South East Asia started joining the community and making Asian American theater one of the most readily evolving and pioneering sectors in the American Theater. In today’s age of theater, Asian American theater companies ar e moving rapidly past stories, exploring the themes of generation gaps and cultural differences, and finding identity. These topics dominated the theater of the Asian American Community and pioneers like David Henry Hwang and Philip Kan Gotanda made these topics the principle theme of their plays during the 80’s and 90’s. In Hwang’s first play, F.O.B., a conflict between a Chinese immigrant and a Chinese American from the viewpoint of culture is explored, while another of his play shows the conflict between the ideologies of the East and the West between three generations of a Chinese American Family. Modern Asian American Theater is exploring different aspects of Asian American life, and expanding the horizon and definition of the Asian American life. According to the Asian American Theatre Revue website, as of today, there are more than 80 companies affiliated with the Asian American Theater across the United States of America. Many groups from these companies were experimenting with different genres such as comedy and improving, which were unheard of 30 years ago because of their commercial practicability. As Asian American artists became fascinated with different non-traditional genres and venues, many rebellious movements came into being and defied traditional themes such as drama occurring in the Asian American theater. According to Darryl Chiang, an interim executive director of the Asian American Theater Company: "The original way Asian American theater manifested itself was through very political pieces that explored what it means to be Asian American, specifically addressing identity, which today is not the most important issue† (Lau, 2) Lauren Yee, the author of Ching Chong has said that even though Asian Americans are looking at the past work, such as Shakespearean literature, because they feel as if the audience is familiar with Shakespeare and his plays. She comments that: "That's the only place authences are OK with a multicultural cast, like seeing an Asian daughter with a white father" (Lau, 2) Asian American Theater has been approached in a completely different way by some of the Asian American companies, one of which is the National Asian American Theatre Company. They are unique in a sense that all of their topics

Rhetoric & Popular Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rhetoric & Popular Culture - Essay Example That is, our specific behaviors are the reflection of popular culture presented in advertisements, movies, television shows and magazines (Brummett). This paper aims to rhetorically analyze the pop culture related to advertisement. It will discuss pathos and logos, tone and style of DKNY Fragrance advertisement. Rhetoric analysis basically corresponds to the use of words in order to influence the audience (Brummett). This communication strategy is extensively used in marketing. Advertisement is one of the core components of marketing which builds awareness about a particular product and its distinguishing features. It plays a vital role in increasing sales through the specialized use of linguistics and visuals (Brummett). Description Let’s consider an example of DKNY Fragrance advertisement. This ad exceptionally uses the concept of rhetoric and popular culture, for instance the product name â€Å"Be Delicious: The Fragrance for Women by DKNY† is in itself very attracti ve and provoking. Moreover, the visuals consisted of colors and graphics appeals the target audience. A fair looking girl is presented with fruits around her to support the concept of deliciousness. Among the fruits the DKNY fragrance jar is placed in such a way that viewers can easily relate the natural element of fruits and the product (Fragrance). Although women tend to use a lot make up and cosmetics but they in reality want to be perceived as naturally gorgeous and refreshing. Hence the advertisement was designed using the rhetoric strategies to stimulate women’s instincts of natural beauty. The ad was initially published in Cosmopolitan Magazine which successfully drew the attention of readers while the lines actually persuaded them to purchase the product. The significantly attractive looks of the model played a major role in grasping the attention of majority viewers. In addition to this the overall theme, soft colors and use of language associated with the product we re equally convincing (Fragrance). Pathos and Logos Appeal The advertisement of â€Å"Be Delicious† was typically based upon pathos and logos. Pathos is basically an emotional appeal which is substantially used in marketing (Brummett). For instance, you must have observed many help projecting pictures of dying children in order to generate donations for poor. They are basically using the emotional appeal to drive an individual to participate in the fund raising campaigns. Similarly in the advertisement of DKNY Fragrance the name of the product â€Å"Be Delicious† actually provokes strong emotions among the target audience which persuades them to purchase the product. Pathos is not only used in words, rather the images and overall advertisement theme is a significant source of emotional appeal. For instance, the particular facial expressions of the model, arrangement of fruits and fragrance jar along with the background colors actually makes the foundations of rhetoric use in the advertisement (Fragrance). Logos, as opposed to pathos persuade people through proper reasoning and hence they are often used as logical appeal in marketing strategies (Brummett). For instance, cosmetic manufactures especially using herbal raw material emphasizes upon the health safety and long lasting effects of their products. Herbal products logically do not have any significant health hazards and this fact acts as a competitive advantage

What I've learned from men by Barbara ehrenreich Essay

What I've learned from men by Barbara ehrenreich - Essay Example I don’t agree when she said that we may be able to learn from men what to do with anger (227), as women have long since learned to express anger in a civilized way, positively producing the desired effect, making men realize that women are able to stand for themselves. That does not lessen them as women. Instead it makes them women with substance. Women can be very aggressive but not rude, acknowledging their talents, abilities, skills and success with humility. Expressing oneself nicely rather than looking and waiting for a fight, makes a person better understood and listened to. Women today acknowledge that having education, firm character, belief in oneself and humility, do not make them less of a woman, but rather leads to essentially being a lady. For me being ladylike empowers a woman in getting what she wants. I believe that how you act and treat others determines how others act and treat you. Ehrenreich, Barbara. â€Å"What I’ve Learned From Men† From Idea to Essay 2009: A Rhetoric, Reader, and Handbook. McCuen-Metherell, J.R. and Winkler, A. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2009. 224-227. Google Books. Web. 5 March

Diverse Theatre Movement - Asian-American Theatre Research Paper

Diverse Theatre Movement - Asian-American Theatre - Research Paper Example These theater companies provided opportunities to different actors, writers and directors to pursue different genres of the Asian theater in America and they defined the Asian American theater for almost four decades, till now. By 1990s the number of Asian American theater companies grew up, with producers and directors experimenting with different artistic creations. Asian Americans have established their mark on the general American theater arena and are now appearing in roadway and regional theaters and also winning awards nationally and internationally. In the beginning most of the participants of the Asian American Theater were prominently from the East Asian descent, but in the 90’s and 2000’s many artists originating from South Asia and South East Asia started joining the community and making Asian American theater one of the most readily evolving and pioneering sectors in the American Theater. In today’s age of theater, Asian American theater companies ar e moving rapidly past stories, exploring the themes of generation gaps and cultural differences, and finding identity. These topics dominated the theater of the Asian American Community and pioneers like David Henry Hwang and Philip Kan Gotanda made these topics the principle theme of their plays during the 80’s and 90’s. In Hwang’s first play, F.O.B., a conflict between a Chinese immigrant and a Chinese American from the viewpoint of culture is explored, while another of his play shows the conflict between the ideologies of the East and the West between three generations of a Chinese American Family. Modern Asian American Theater is exploring different aspects of Asian American life, and expanding the horizon and definition of the Asian American life. According to the Asian American Theatre Revue website, as of today, there are more than 80 companies affiliated with the Asian American Theater across the United States of America. Many groups from these companies were experimenting with different genres such as comedy and improving, which were unheard of 30 years ago because of their commercial practicability. As Asian American artists became fascinated with different non-traditional genres and venues, many rebellious movements came into being and defied traditional themes such as drama occurring in the Asian American theater. According to Darryl Chiang, an interim executive director of the Asian American Theater Company: "The original way Asian American theater manifested itself was through very political pieces that explored what it means to be Asian American, specifically addressing identity, which today is not the most important issue† (Lau, 2) Lauren Yee, the author of Ching Chong has said that even though Asian Americans are looking at the past work, such as Shakespearean literature, because they feel as if the audience is familiar with Shakespeare and his plays. She comments that: "That's the only place authences are OK with a multicultural cast, like seeing an Asian daughter with a white father" (Lau, 2) Asian American Theater has been approached in a completely different way by some of the Asian American companies, one of which is the National Asian American Theatre Company. They are unique in a sense that all of their topics

What I've learned from men by Barbara ehrenreich Essay

What I've learned from men by Barbara ehrenreich - Essay Example I don’t agree when she said that we may be able to learn from men what to do with anger (227), as women have long since learned to express anger in a civilized way, positively producing the desired effect, making men realize that women are able to stand for themselves. That does not lessen them as women. Instead it makes them women with substance. Women can be very aggressive but not rude, acknowledging their talents, abilities, skills and success with humility. Expressing oneself nicely rather than looking and waiting for a fight, makes a person better understood and listened to. Women today acknowledge that having education, firm character, belief in oneself and humility, do not make them less of a woman, but rather leads to essentially being a lady. For me being ladylike empowers a woman in getting what she wants. I believe that how you act and treat others determines how others act and treat you. Ehrenreich, Barbara. â€Å"What I’ve Learned From Men† From Idea to Essay 2009: A Rhetoric, Reader, and Handbook. McCuen-Metherell, J.R. and Winkler, A. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2009. 224-227. Google Books. Web. 5 March

Lord Of The Flies Chapter 5 Essay Example for Free

Lord Of The Flies Chapter 5 Essay The boys life has deteriorated a lot since they first arrived on the island and from the look of the situation things can only get worse unless they change their behaviour and attitude . There is a lot of conflict between Ralph and Jack, the fear of the unknown is growing, the boys are turning into savages and becoming more uncivilised by the day, rules and taboos are being disobeyed and ignored, and bullying and rivalry is becoming more of a problem. The conflict between Ralph and Jack is causing a lot of tension in the group and is therefore affecting the boys lives. It has already divided them into separate groups with different priorities as some have followed Jack and some have followed Ralph. Jack and Ralphs different priorities is the main reason for the conflict between them as they are completely opposite. Jack wants control and started of wanting to be leader but was out done by Ralph who was voted the leader. Jack is short tempered and very big headed where as Ralph is realistic, kind hearted and organised. Ralphs main priority is to be rescued and have fun have fun on the island. Their relationship is described in the book as two continents of experience and baffled in love and hate. Their personality also clash as they are completely different. Ralph is optimistic, respectful, fair, practical and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, where as Jack is arrogant, boastful, power hungry, self centred, easily angered and brutal. The boys fear of the unknown is represented in different ways but is rapidly growing and could get out of hand. It started of as being a beastie, then a snake like creature, and now a beast from water or even a ghost. At first it was only the litluns that were scared of the beastie and believed it existed but now the older boys are starting to get worried and have their doubts so none of the quite knows what to believe. Even Ralph has his doubts about what the thing is and he is supposed to be leader, I dont believe in ghosts at least I dont think so. This comment from Ralph shows that he is now considering there being some type of creature on the island even though he just dismissed the idea at the beginning. Deterioration has also been caused by the boys becoming totally uncivilised and turning into savages. Although they are now looking like savages as their hair has grown, Jack is mainly responsible for them turning into savages. He was so obsessed with hunting to kill that he influenced the other boys that became his hunters. At the beginning they hunted but did not manage to kill for a ling time. Then when Jack finally did he became even more obsessed and made masks that he could hide behind while hunting, the mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jack lived. This made Jack a different person when he put on the mask, he was a killer with no taboos or responsibilities. Jacks passion for hunting also caused a major disagreement between him and Ralph because on the day a ship went by the fire was let out by boys that Jack made go hunting with him that day. Ralph said to Jack when he got back There was as ship, you let the fire out. There was a strong chance that they may have been rescued then but down to Jack they ended up eating their first pig. From successfully killing his first pig Jack felt very strong and had fulfilled his ambition so did not really care about the fire or Ralph. Rules have been completely ignored lately and systems of organisation disrespected. This has led to the boys becoming lazy and uncivilised. At one point things were going well and most things were well organised. There was toilet system worked out so there was not mess all over the island and water was being stored in coconut shells in the shade so hat it would be cool and fresh. Though now these systems have been ignored and the boys are going to the toilet anywhere on the island and no water is being stored. Ralph also tried to built shelters for them to sleep in which would have been practical but Simon was the only one that would help in the end so they could not be completed. This shows how disorganised the boys have become and disrespectful. They have no taboos and without adults they have forgotten the way they had to behave. Bullying has also become a problem that has led to a deterioration in the boys life. Jack consistently picks on Piggy and uses him as scapegoat for his own mistakes. He makes little of Piggy and by doing this he is trying to show that he has power over the boys as well as Ralph. The litluns are also being ignored and sometimes bullied by the elder boys. Although this might have happened a bit before they arrived on the island but there were still taboos that the older boys had. All these reasons have led to deterioration in the boys life. Their behaviour on the island has had consequences and meant that their lives have become less structured and disciplined and more savage like. Ralph described the situation by saying, we are all drifting and things are turning rotten. This shows us that the boys are drifting apart and could possibly separate into different groups completely which would also make their life deteriorate more.

Youths Financial Knowledge Education In Malaysia Economics Essay

Youths Financial Knowledge Education In Malaysia Economics Essay CHAPTER 1 In the Introduction parts, the contents are breakdown into several subtopics. There are Financial Knowledge definition, background of research, justification, problem statement, research objective, research scope and limitation and organizational research. To better understanding of this study, under the background of research, there are three different types of scenario in Malaysia related to the topic which consist of Youths Financial Knowledge Education in Malaysia, The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Malaysia, and Youths Debt and Spending Pattern in Malaysia. 1.2 Defining Financial Knowledge Financial knowledge enable individuals to navigate the financial world make informed decisions about their money and minimize their chances of being misled on financial matters (Beal and Delpachitra, 2003). The need for financial literacy has become significant with the deregulation of financial markets and the easier access to credit as financial institutions compete strongly with each other for market share, the rapid growth in development and marketing of financial products, and the Governments encouragement for people to take more responsibility for their retirement incomes. According to Vitt et al. (2000), financial knowledge is defined as the ability to read, analyze, manage, and communicate about the personal financial conditions that affect material well-being. It includes the ability to discern financial choices, discuss money and financial issues without or despite discomfort, plan for the future, and respond competently to life events that affect everyday financial decisions, including events in the general economy. Hogarth (2002), described the consistencies in behavioral terms, stating that individuals who are financially literate are: 1) knowledgeable, educated, and informed on the issues of managing money and assets, banking, investments, credit, insurance, and taxes; 2) understand the basic concepts underlying the management of money and assets; and 3) use that knowledge and understanding to plan and implement financial decisions. In recent years, financial literacy has gained the attention of a wide range of major banking companies, government agencies, grass-roots consumer and community interest groups, and other organizations. Interested groups, including policymakers, are concerned that consumers lack a working knowledge of financial concepts and do not have the tools they need to make decisions most advantageous to their economic well-being. Such financial literacy deficiencies can affect an individuals or familys day-to-day money management and ability to save for long-term goals such as buying a home, seeking higher education, or financing retirement. Ineffective money management can also result in behaviors that make consumers vulnerable to severe financial crises. From a broader perspective, market operations and competitive forces are compromised when consumers do not have the skills to manage their finances effectively. Informed participants help create a more competitive, more efficient market. As knowledgeable consumers demand products that meet their short and long-term financial needs, providers compete to create products having the characteristics that best respond to those demands (Braunstein and Welch 2002). 1.2.1 The Importance of financial literacy Financial literacy is important at many levels. Certainly, it is most important for the individual who must make complex and expensive financial decisions on behalf of him/herself and of dependents (Mandell, 2006). The need for financial literacy has become increasingly significant with the deregulation of financial markets and the easier access to credit; the ready issue of credit cards; the rapid growth in marketing financial products and the Governments encouragement for its citizens to take more self-responsibility for their retirement incomes (Marcolin and Abraham, 2006). Students who lack financial knowledge have increased financial difficulties that continue into later years. It found that students with less financial knowledge had more negative opinions about finances and made more incorrect financial decisions. They pointed out that having a low level of financial knowledge limits students ability to make informed decisions (Ibrahim et al, 2009). The need for financial skills has grown rapidly over the last decade because financial markets have been deregulated and credit has become easier to obtain as financial institutions compete strongly with each other for market share. The ready availability of credit cards together with easier access to personal loans, interest free and other payment options, has led to an increase in spending on consumption and a rapid rise in both personal and household debt levels. Moreover, the development and marketing of financial products and services has grown rapidly (Beal and Delpachitra, 2003). The credit card indebtedness issues and bankruptcies have got serious attention from media. It is alarming that it was reported the majority of the individuals who went bankrupts were from the age between 20s and 30s (Arif, 2004). This might lead to stress and also might affect the productivity of future potential workers. Increasingly, most of the individuals are in charge of securing their own financial well-being after retirement. This can be shown by the shifting from defined contribution pensions, which makes todays workers have to decide on how much to save and also how to allocate their retirement wealth. Source: Malaysia Department of Insolvency (2010) The complexity of financial market had increasing and become more complex, and individuals are facing with proliferation of different kind of investment products. The opportunities of investment have been expanded beyond natural borders, which permit individuals to invest in different range of assets. However, the difficulties to navigate the new financial system and the consequences of mistake that probably can be devastating, it is seem that individual to be questioned of how well equipped do they have to make financial decision. The most important thing before financial decision to be made is that the individuals also to be questioned on how much do they know about economics and finance. Numerous factors have led to a complex, specialized financial services marketplace that requires consumers to be actively engaged if they are to manage their finances effectively. The forces of technology and market innovation, driven by increased competition, have resulted in a sophisticated industry in which consumers are offered a broad spectrum of services by a wide array of providers. Compelling consumer issues, such as the very visible issue of predatory lending, high levels of consumer debt, and low saving rates, have also added to the sense of urgency surrounding financial literacy. Other important demographic and market trends contributing to concerns include increased diversity of the population, resulting in households that may face language, cultural, or other barriers to establishing a banking relationship, expanded access to credit for younger populations, and increased employee responsibility for directing their own investments in employer-sponsored retirement and pension plans. 1.3 Background of research 1.3.1 Youths Financial Education in Malaysia The National Youth Development Policy of Malaysia defines youth as people aged between 15 and 40 years. Malaysias national education policy has been formulated in the context of the countrys aim to attain developed nation status by 2020. The education system has been reformed to ensure the development of a highly educated, highly skilled and strongly motivated professional workforce. Consumers can effectively participate in the economy if they are properly informed and have the requisite knowledge and skills. Enhancing the levels of financial literacy is being accorded high priority in many countries, including Malaysia due to the current environment of rapid change in technology, product innovation, deregulation and greater competition that have dramatically transformed the financial system. This new environment has created a greater need for consumers to be equipped with financial knowledge and skills to make sound financial decision and to promote consumer activism to drive competition, improve efficiency and performance of financial institution as well as enhance the potential for the economy to prosper (Lian, 2008). Bank Negara Malaysia has embarked some approach to enhance the financial capability of consumers, e.g. developing and disseminating educational materials financial products and services through booklets and websites. To raise the financial capability of consumers to enable them to make informed and confident decisions on financial matters, Bank Negara Malaysia initiated consumer education programmes for adults, including young adults, known as bankinginfo and insuranceinfo in 2003. These programmes are intents to: Promote greater understanding of, and more informed decision on financial products and services Enable consumers to have greater access to reliable information, thus able to take greater responsibility and management on their financial matters. Under the programme, youngsters are educated on a wide range of issues to equip them with the necessary knowledge ad skills to manage their financial matter effectively. The components of the programme are tailored to the level of understanding of each target group. These include knowledge and skills on: Planning Saving and budgeting Spending Buying tips and comparative shopping Financial products Features of financial products and services (banking, Islamic banking, insurance and takaful), risks and liabilities involved, salient terms and conditions as well as rights and responsibilities as a financial consumer Credit and debt Borrowing and debt management, and rights and responsibilities as borrowers and guarantors Risk management Basic insurance and insurance planning Market awareness Avenues for redress, illegal schemes, currency related matters, role and functions of financial players and credit bureau In the beginning of 2007, students aged 17 attending the compulsory National Service Programme are taught various aspects of financial management such as budgeting, managing spending by making smart financial choices and banking information to enable them to have a better appreciation of money management. Annually, a total of 120,000 students are involved in this programme (Lian, 2008). For institution of higher learning, the Credit Counseling and Debt Management Agency, which is a subsdiary of Bank Negara Malaysia, is collaborating with the public universities to incorporate the subject of Personal Finance into the curriculum. Once introduced, financial education with emphasis in personal finance will be provided as a mandatory subject to undergraduates from the age of 20 to 24 years old, with the aim of preparing graduates to face the challenges of managing their finance wisely at the start of their careers (Lian, 2008). While the Government is trying to put things in order to help us get out of the middle income trap to reach a high level income society, there is still a missing link. We need to start looking into a national strategy to help Malaysians improve their personal financial literacy and develop the necessary skills to keep their personal financial matters in the proper perspective. Financial literacy is important to everyone. Financial stress is not biased based on race, age, gender, marital status or different income groups. Just because a person might be below the middle-income group doesnt mean he or she may need financial education more than others. Just as likely, the children of wealthy parents need to be educated to maintain family wealth. Similar to reading and writing literacy, financial literacy is necessary to all. When a nation has a high level of financial literacy, it is easy to promote healthy financial ethics and values across different generations, from young to the old ( Yip, 2010). 1.3.2 The Use of ICT to Disseminate Personal financial knowledge in Malaysia. The Asia Pacific Region has experienced the rapid growth rate in ICT especially in telecommunication sector in the last couple of decades. The evidences can be shown, for instance in South Asia where the compound annual growth rates for fixed lines and cellular phones are 20% and 78% during the period of 1990 to 2000. The same progress can also be seen in the Central and South East Asian countries where the cellular penetration rate has increased significantly amid the relatively lower growth in the fixed line penetration rate. In addition, Asia region in general has also been largely supported by the enlargement of the Total factor Productivity (TFP) which increases about 1.65% per annum due to the rapid investment in telecommunication sector up to 2003. The business environment in the sector is showing the more promising environment given the independent role of the national telecommunication regulator in many countries and market liberalization which simultaneously give incentives for the new entrants to compete into the market (Rohman and Bohlin, 2010). The extent of the effects of ICT has been shown to vary between countries. In general, the developed countries have shown more significant positive effect on productivity growth compared to the developing countries. Initial study on ICT development in Malaysia based in the development of telecommunication infrastructure development and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, impacted a positive effect on the economy as a whole (Ramlan, 2001). Malaysia is preparing to be part of the Information Age in the new millennium by transforming itself towards a knowledge-based economy. Recognizing that ICT and multimedia will be the future enabling tool to increase the efficiency, productivity and competitiveness of the eonomy, various initiatives were taken to promote the use and development of IT during the review period. The National Information Technology Agenda (NITA) was formulated in 1996 to provide the framework for a coordinated and integrated approach in developing the strategic elements comprising human resource, info structure and IT based applications. To provide the catalyst for the expansion of IT and multimedia industries, the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) was launched (Ahmed, 2008). The decision to achieve a developed country status by the year 2020 using ICT as the vehicle is further strengthened by the development of MSC which is the national ICT initiative. Financial education website Duitsaku.com In line with the development of IT and the growing usage of computer among younger population, Bank Negara Malaysia in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, has created an interactive financial education website in October 2004, to enhance financial literacy among students. Students can participate in interactive financial games, contents, quizzes, financial calculations and other activities related to personal financial management. Currently, the website has attracted more than 85,000 members (Lian, 2008). The existence of ICT in real life is not only making human life easier, but also in the education perspective. ICT could spread out the financial knowledge to youth in an easier way. As many youth starts to use internet to browse the financial knowledge instead of playing online games, in such interactive website could provide youth a basic financial knowledge. The use of ICT to disseminate financial knowledge definitely will help in increasing the youth knowledge about financial thing. Therefore, the percentage of failure in managing such their personal finance in the future will be decrease. 1.3.3 Youths Debt and Spending Pattern in Malaysia There have been two clear shifts in the way Malaysians spent money over the last decade, the first being that they spent less on basic items like food and more on discretionary ones like restaurants, hotels and personal care. The second, their spending on services outpaced that on goods. These shifts in household spending reflect the fact that people grew more affluent over that period, Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) said in its 2010 annual report. The main factor is the growing affluence of Malaysians, supported by the steady rise in disposable income and accumulation of wealth. Between 2004 and 2009, nominal per capital gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 6.8 per cent annually, with mean monthly gross household income rising by 4.4 per cent annually from RM 3,249 in 2004 to RM 4,025 in 2009. Favorable demographics were also a factor, given Malaysias relatively young and large working-age population. The younger set tends to spend more on non-essential goods and services. Greater financial deepening also played a role, with BNM explaining that greater access to credit allowed individuals to fund discretionary spending. In the period between 2000 and 2009, household debt grew at an annual rate of 13.5 per cent. Meanwhile, technological innovations encouraged consumer spending in areas like Internet services, mobile communication equipment, data services, cable television services and audio visual equipment. These trends in spending are, apparently, consistent with that observed in other countries. The trends also seem to indicate that as income rises, the share of expenditure on basic necessities tend to decline while that on services tends to increase, BNM said (Malaysiandailynews, 2011). The BNM report showed that between 2000 and 2009, Malaysian spending on discretionary items (such as restaurants and hotels, communications, recreation and culture) was particularly strong, followed by spending on miscellaneous goods and services (such as personal care, financial, insurance and other services). The share of these components of income-sensitive spending rose to 34.7 per cent of total household expenditure in 2009, from 26.5 per cent in 2000. In contrast, the proportion of household expenditure on basic necessities has declined gradually since 2002. Spending on food items as a share of total household expenditure fell to 21.8 per cent in 2009 from 24.1 per cent in 2000. Similarly, the average household spending on housing and utilities fell to 16.7 per cent in 2009 from 21.7 per cent in 2000 (Malaysiandailynews, 2011). Malaysias consumer lifestyle has been evolving and changing due, in part, to rising affluence and education levels. Malaysian also has a strong shopping fetish, especially during the weekends and on public holidays. However, the consumers comes in three categories: those whose purchasing power is high enough to go on periodic shopping sprees, people who shop for necessities, and bargain hunters (Pricewaterhouse Cooper, 2006). According to the Malaysian Communication a Multimedia Commission, the number of internet users in Malaysia reaches 9.9 million as of end 2004 and 13.2 million at the end of first quarter 2005, representing almost 39% of the nations total population in 2004. Internet shopping has gained popularity form 24% of internet users as a percentage of the Malaysian population in 2002 to 28% in 2003. At least one-third of internet users have purchased items online and the bulk o this spending went to consumers goods such as books, CDs, clothing and flowers (45%), computing product (18%), and travel products (7%) (Pricewaterhouse Cooper, 2006). In Malaysia, The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the period January to March 2011 increased by  2.8 per cent  to 102.2 compared with that of 99.4 in the same period last year. When compared to the same month in 2010, the CPI for March registered an increase of 3.0 per cent from 99.4 to 102.4 and when compared with the previous month, the CPI increased by 0.1 per cent. The index for Food Non-Alcoholic Beverages and Non-Food for the month of March 2011 showed increases of 4.7 and 2.3 per cent respectively as compared to the same month in 2010. For the period January to March 2011, the index for Food Non-Alcoholic Beverages and Non-Food increased by 4.3 per cent and 2.2 per cent respectively. Comparison made to the previous month for Non-Food showed an increase of 0.1 per cent while the index for Food Non-Alcoholic Beverages remained unchanged at 103.7 (figure 1). The CPI for main group in Malaysia, for the year 2010-2011 is shown in appendix Moreover, the credit cards loan is another hot issue. In Malaysia credit cards were first introduced in the mid-1970s (Loke, 2007). At the early stage, credit cards were only issued to professionals or those considered successful businesspersons by card issuing companies. By the end of 1970s, an estimated 20,000 cards were issued. During that time, owning a credit card was considered a symbol of prestige. However, with the passage of time, eligibility criteria for obtaining credit cards have been increasingly relaxed. As a result, the number of cardholders reached to about three million by the turn of the last century. The proliferation of credit cardholders has brought an indiscriminate spending by users with many side effects. Many Malaysian consumers seem to display excessive buying behavior, commonly known as compulsive buying. Easy availability of credit and compulsive buying has led to many adverse consequences such as addiction to shopping and excessive debt (Ahmed et al, 2010 ). . Another noteworthy feature of card users in Malaysia is that they use the card to grant loans for themselves. It is easier to obtain credit cards in Malaysia rather than applying for personal loans, which requires the applicant to comply with more formalities like providing guarantors or collaterals. It was reported that outstanding debts from credit card holders amounted to RM15.719 billion by the year March 2009 (RM or Ringitt Malaysia is the local currency, 3.40 RM was approximately equal to 1 USD at the time of study). By the year 2009 outstanding credit card debts accounted for 1.35 percent of the total loans outstanding or 11.41 percent of the total consumer credit (Bank Negara Malaysia, 2009). On a more serious note, 6.43 percent of the outstanding debts had to be converted to non-performing loans. An alarming increase in the number of credit card holders seeking bankruptcy a proceeding over the years was also reported (Ahmed et al, 2010). 1.4 Justification The purpose of this paper is to review some of the factors that contribute in the use of ICT to disseminate personal financial knowledge on youths debt and spending behavior in Malaysia. The contribution of this paper may not just benefit of personal or individuals solely, it may also benefit institutions that provide Information ICT. Some of the young people in the country had well equipped about the financial knowledge, but some are not. By knowing such as young generation will be the future potential worker, it is suggested that they had a well equipped knowledge about financial thing. With the rapid changing of technology and complexity of financial products, the role of ICT in order to spread out the knowledge of financial related, here come problems when different people perceive the ICT contribution differently. This problem is critical to understand what are the factors that cause those youths views differently towards ICT in order to disseminate the personal financial knowledge and action can be taken to solve the problem in order to gain a better financial planning in the future time specifically on the youths debt and spending behavior. Hopefully, the result of this study will bring awareness on what are the factors that affect the use of ICT application to disseminate the personal financial knowledge. Besides, the ICT firm can take this golden opportunity to identify the factors that lead to the perception of youths to increase customer satisfaction towards the overall development of the ICT. Moreover, the government can take advantage of this study by understanding the reason that lead to youths perception on the use of ICT to disseminate personal financial knowledge and take action by implement some act to fix the situation. Thus, it can help them to manage their debt and spending properly to minimize any financial matter later on. It is also said to be benefit to the Malaysia country as the youths knowledge become higher can lead to the increasing of productivity in the country. With emphasis focused in the main issues on (objective), ICT will play its role to disseminate personal financial knowledge among youth and contribute substantial improvements on youth perception about the importance of financial knowledge on their debt and spending behavior. 1.5 Problem Statement In Malaysia, topics on personal finance are still considered minimal. If there are programs or activities on it, they were never addressed directly to the young consumers specifically those in between aged 15 to 40 years. There are a lot of credit card indebtness issues. The literature indicates that high school seniors are unprepared to deal with finances when they graduate. The emphasis in the high school curriculum is on preparation for college or on the acquisition of skills to obtain a job and to earn an income. The high school curriculum does not focus on how to effectively use the income in dealing with financial matters such as bank accounts, investments, mutual funds, mortgages, credit cards, loans, social security, insurance and taxes. Only if a student has taken a course in consumerism, finance or in economics while in high school would he or she be exposed to topics dealing with every day financial issues (Manton, 2006). With the emphasis of ICT being provided and the rapid changing in technology, as well as the proliferation of financial instruments and services in the market, the nature question on this study is Does ICT able to disseminate the following personal financial knowledge: budgeting knowledge, saving knowledge, spending knowledge, debt knowledge, and investment knowledge on youths debt and spending behavior? 1.6 Research Objective To measure the interest and capability of more financially sophisticated individuals to engage in personal financial planning and to identify reasons why individuals fail to plan appropriately This study is important to ensure that young generations are well equipped with at least basic knowledge of personal financial knowledge. The proliferation of financial services industry makes financial products are more complicated to be understood by novice customers. Knowing that this young generation will be part of future human capital, it is important that they are knowledgeable and are able to make decisions without imperiling their financial status (citation). To examine the extent to which personal financial knowledge were considered by youngsters to be value for their future debt and spending behavior. Generation Y has a relatively high level of disposable income, much of the research seems to indicate that Generation Y consumers have a low degree of financial literacy (Palmer, Pinto, and Parente, 2001). The new environment with rapid change in technology, product innovations, deregulation and greater competition, has created a greater need for consumers to be equipped with financial knowledge and skills to make sound financial decision and to promote consumer activism to drive competition, improve efficiency and performance of financial institutions as well as enhance the potential the economy to prosper (Lian, 2008). To explore which factors affect the most of youths attitude and behaviors to acquire financial knowledge by using ICT and how does ICT relates to these factors Categorized as one of the developed countries, Malaysia is not missed being one of the regions whereby financial literacy level is at the bottom end. Prior to millennium era, percentage of society knowledge on issues such as budgeting, saving, investing and insuring were minimal. There are so many books, seminars and institutions that provide information on basic financial management catering to those who want to improve their financial standing. In fact, financial institutions are actively promoting their range of services which include investment consultation and other areas attached with proper financial management. However, those who do read on the subject matter or seeking for professional advise are normally professionals, semiprofessionals or those who are familiar with money management. There are almost no programs or seminars targeting those of children and young adults. As a consequence, the familiarity level on finance among these young groups is very limited except for wh at they learned thru experience, family or even peers (Ibrahim et al, 2009). 1.7 Research Scope and Limitation The main purpose of this study is to examine the use of ICT to disseminate personal financial knowledge on youths debt and spending behavior in Malaysia. This paper will be more focus onto how does the youths perception on acquiring personal financial knowledge or financial literacy by using the ICT application. The distributions of questionnaires are the one that will be the primary data in this study. The questionnaire will be distributed to those target respondents based on youth age in Malaysia which is between 15 to 40 years old. In this study, 200 respondents will be randomly selected based on their difference in age, gender, race, marital status and educational level. For the study method tools, the questionnaires will be distributed among private and public university students in Malaysia. 1.8 Organizational Research The chapter 1 of the research project is introduction. In chapter one, it includes overview of chapter 1, research background and research questions, research objectives, significance and justification of the study, research scope and limitation, and organizational of research. While in chapter 2, dependent variable and independent variables will be the foundation to the building of theoretical frameworks and developing hypothesis. Literature review or past study will be used to build up chapter 2. Chapter 3 is the chapter of research methodology. At first, research framework and hypothesis are developed in order to predict the relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables. Then, it will follow by questionnaire development which is explaining how the questionnaires will be developed. The next elements in chapter 3 are sampling plan, data collection method and techniques of analysis.